Preparing for a Fancy Dress Ball, identified simply because The Misses Williams-Wynn furthermore,[1] is a 173 by 150 cm (68 by 59 in) oil on canvas by Englwill beh artist William Etty, primary showed in 1835 and right now in the York Art Gallery. Although Etty had been after that regarded practically entirely for record artwork offering topless results, he was commissioned in 1833 by Welsh Conservative politician Charles Watkin Williams-Wynn to paint a portrait of two of his daughters. Etty put a good deal of effort into the piece and took much longer than usual to finish it. Preparing for a Nice Dress Ball shows Williams-Wynn's daughters, Mary and Charlotte, in lavish Italian-style costume: Charlotte, the eldest, is shown standing, helping the seated Mary decorate her hair with a ribbon and a rose.

 

 

 

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The painting was completed for and exhibited at the 1835 Royal Academy Summer Exhibition. It was well obtained normally, also by critics generally unpredictable to Etty and his do the job. The painting remained in the collection of Mary Williams-Wynn's descendants, and other than an 1849 retrospective exhibition, was definitely not displayed openly for 160 ages. Preparing for a Fancy Dress Ball demonstrated that Etty was both capable of high-quality work and deserving of patronage by the English elite, and the success led to further commissions. It now forms part of a major collection of Etty's work there. A private collector purchased the piece from the Williams-Wynn family in 1982, where it remained until its 2009 acquisition by the York Art Gallery.

 

 

 

William Etty, the son of a York miller and baker,[2] began as an apprentice printer in Hull.[3] On completing his seven-year apprenticeship he moved to London at the age of 18, with the goal of getting a new background plumber inside the traditions of the Ancient Experts.[4] Strongly influenced by the works of Titian and Rubens, he submitted paintings to the Royal Academy of Arts and the British Institution, all of which were rejected or even received scant awareness when exhibited either.[5]

 

 

 

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In 1821 the Royal Academy accepted and exhibited one of Etty's works, The Arrival of Cleopatra in Cilicia (also known as The Triumph of Cleopatra). [5] The painting was extremely well received, and many of Etty's fellow artists greatly admired him. He has been elected a full Noble Academician in 1828, of John Constable ahead. [7] Following the exhibition of Cleopatra, Etty tried over the next decade to replicate its success by painting nude figures in biblical, mythological and literary settings. [8] Between 1820 and 1829 Etty exhibited 15 paintings, of which 14 depicted nude figures. [9] [6] He became well respected for his ability to capture flesh tones accurately in painting and for his fascination with contrasts in skin tones.

 

 

 

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Some nudes by foreign artists were held in private English collections, but Britain had no tradition of nude painting, and the display and distribution of nude material to the public experienced been suppressed since the 1787 Proclamation for the Discouragement of Vice. [10] Etty was the first British artist to specialise in the nude, and the reaction of the lower classes to these paintings caused concern throughout the 19th century. [11] Many critics condemned his repeated depictions of female nudity as indecent, although his portraits of male nudes have been generally well received. [12] (Etty's male nude portraits were primarily of mythological heroes and classical combat, genres in which the depiction of male nudity was considered acceptable in England.)[13] From 1832 onwards, needled by repeated attacks from the press, Etty remained a prominent painter of nudes but made conscious efforts to try to reflect moral lessons in his work. [14]

 

 

 

Elizabeth Potts[edit]

 

 

 

Although he was almost exclusively known at the time for painting nudes, Etty seemed to be commissioned in 1833 by Thomas Potts of Clapham Common to paint a portrait of his daughter Elizabeth. [15][A] Potts paid him 65 guineas (£68.25; about £6,900 in 2024 terms[17]) for the piece.[18] Etty exhibited Elizabeth Potts at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition of 1834 under the title of A Portrait, as the subject's mother requested her identity be kept secret. [18] As he had been too ill to paint for much of the period preceding the exhibition he only exhibited one other picture there, The Cardinal. [19]

 

 

 

Elizabeth Potts was poorly received by critics. Etty's admirers were angered by his apparent abandonment of history painting for the then poorly regarded field of portrait painting, while Etty's critics felt he had demonstrated that he did not have the technical skills to produce high quality portraits, and seemed to be simply trying to use his name to make money in the more lucrative field of portraiture. Portraits were commissioned by the subject or their family, providing a guaranteed source of income to the artist. [22] [20] Background work had been commonly purcfeaturesed at convention for no significantly less than the demanding value, and as a outcome remained unsold. [21] Background piece of art seemed to be very much considerably more thought to be as an art form extremely; portrait painting was seen as reflecting nature whereas history painting involved more creativity and also gave the artist the opportunity to tell moral lessons.

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Etty retained close connections with York throughout his life. [24] One of his colleagues in that campaign was Welsh politician Charles Watkin Williams-Wynn, the long-serving Conservative Member of Parliament for Montgomeryshire. [23] After Jonathan Martin's arson attack on York Minster in 1829 caused major damage, Etty was prominent in the effort to restore the building to its original state. [25]

 

 

 

In late 1833, Etty was commissioned by Williams-Wynn to paint a portrait of two of his seven children. [31] [26][27] Preparing for a Fancy Dress Ball depicts Williams-Wynn's daughters Charlotte and Mary, dressing up in lavish Italian-style costume. The popularity of the style of music known as bel canto now, associated with Italy widely, has been at its peak; likewise, the Italian language takes on of William Shakespeare experienced come to be incredibly preferred in the time period. [28] Although their dress is generally described as Italian, Dennwill be Farr's 1958 biography of Etty specupast dues that elements of the costumes were possibly intended to be Russian, based on Charlotte's headoutfit. [15] The style of the work reflects that of Thomas Lawrence, who had been Etty's teacher in 1807-08,[30] as well as that of Joshua Reynolds, of whom Etty seemed to be a great admirer and of whose works Etty had often made copies as an exercise. [1] The Italian-fashion clothing likely represents the high level of interest in Italian culture in early 19th-century England. [26] As art historian Leonard Robinson points out, despite the title the sisters are not in fact shown preparing for the ball, but are outfitted fully. [26] Etty, who had spent a good deal of time in Venice and other Italian cities, would have been very familiar with Italian clothing designs,[29] and the costumes worn by the Williams-Wynn sisters closely resemble those of women in Venetian scenes painted by Etty, such as 1831's Window in Venice, During a Fiesta.

 

 

 

The sisters are depicted in three-quarter length portrait;[28] Charlotte, the eldest, stands and helps Mary, who is seated, to decorate her hair with a ribbon and a rose. [26] Their arrangement is similar to the positioning of the central female figures of Etty's The Lute Player, painted around the same time, and Farr views Preparing for a Fancy Dress Ball as a direct continuation of the theme of that work. The Spectator commented that in comparison to the vibrant colours of the Turner, The Lute Player looked "as if mud had been the vehicle of the pigment". [32]) [28] (The Lute Player was exhibited at the British Institution in early 1835 alongside Turner's The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, and possesses been overshadowed by it somewhat.

 

 

 

The painting's depiction of preparation for a fancy dress party would have been familiar to Etty's generally wealthy audience. In both London and the English provincial cities, many of these projectiles and gatherings experienced come to be really stylish by the 1830s.[26] Though conservative in comparison to some costumes worn at contemporary pretty dress events, the richness of the design of the sisters' dress outfit indicates the high status of the Williams-Wynn family in fashionable circles.[26]

 

 

 

Preparing for a Fancy Dress Ball took Etty some time to complete in comparison to his usual work, and he apologized to the sisters for his "inability to render [repeated sittings for him] less tedious".[26] He justified the slowness of the process by saying that he was not simply trying to capture the Williams-Wynn sisters' appearance, but "to make a fine operate of Art as well as a resemblance".[26]

 

 

 

I can only regret We had it not in my power to render it less tedious. This has led me to extend my attention to it, beyond the restrictions assigned to Family portrait usually. If it is desirable to make a fine work of Art as well as a resemblance, it becomes another affair. I am sure, if viewed rightly, the time will not be deemed employed uselessly. "What will be worth doing at all, is well worth undertaking well."-"Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with all thy might!" A mere "likeness" may be manufactured in a few sittings.

 

 

 

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Preparing for a Fancy Dress Ball was one of eight works exhibited by Etty at the 1835 Royal Academy Summer Exhibition, the others being The Bridge of Sighs, Phaedria and Cymochles about the Idle River, Study from a Young Lady: A York Beauty, Study of the relative head of a Youth, Venus and her Satellites, The Warrior Arming and Wood Nymphs Sleeping: Satyr Bringing Flowers.[19] Art historian Sarah Burnage believes Etty's choice of Venus and her Satellites may have been to draw attention to similarities with Preparing for a Want Dress Ball and possibly to link the Williams-Wynn sisters' beauty with the legendary Venus. [26]

 

 

 

Reviewers, those typically aggressive to Etty perhaps, had been usually favorable about the job, and towards Etty's demonstration of his ability to paint a major piece depicting visual matter that did not depend on nudity or sensuality.[26] Leigh Hunt's London Journal noted that they were "glad to see him turn his abilities into a channel acknowledgedly more profitable than others are apt to be, and we heartily wish him success in it"; the same reviewer have, however, savagely criticise Venus and her Satellites for its gratuitous nudity and a "total absence of soul".[34]

 

 

 

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Although Etty painted many private portraits of his friends and acquaintances, he made extremely several widely displayed pictures, fewer than 30 of which were shown during his lifetime. [26] Preparing for a Fancy Dress Ball did, however, assist as an indicator that Etty could car paint runs as income for the British professional efficiently, boosting his status and leading to further commissions. [36] Charlotte Williams-Wynn became a observed notice diarist and blogger;[26] Mary Williams-Wynn married Member of Parliament James Milnes Gaskell. [1] Both Charlotte and Mary died in April 1869.[27][37] [22] Other than Preparing for a Fancy Dress Ball, critics disliked his portraits generally, preferring his history paintings in spite of reservations over his depictions of nudity. [35] Etty perished in November 1849 and soon fell from fashion; by the late 19th century the cost of all his works of art had fallen below their original prices. [35] Portraiture has happened to be found as a vulgar and pointless kind of artwork throughout very much of the 19tl 100 years usually, and portrait painters continued to be disparaged as a greedy and unimaginative group who survived by feeding the vanity of the emerging middle class.

 

 

 

Preparing for a Fancy Dress Ball was exhibited in a major retrospective of Etty's works at the Royal Society of Arts in June 1849, but after that offers been not really exhibited for 160 decades widely.[1] Charlotte Williams-Wynn had died childless,[27] and the artwork seemed to be handed down by the assembled spouse and children of Mary Williams-Wynn.[1] In 1982 it was sold to a private collector by Mary Williams-Wynn's great-granddaughter Mrs Lewis Motley.[38] The York Art Gallery purchased the continuing work in 2009 for £120, 000 with the assistance of the Art Pay for and the V&A/MLA Pay for Scholarship grant Investment,[38] and it formed part of a major exhibition of Etty's work at the York Art Gallery in 2011-12.[39]

 

 

 

^ Thomas Potts was a friend of Etty's cousin Thomas Bodley. He seemed to be the early patron of William Edward Frost, who became one of Etty's most devoted imitators.[16]
References[edit]

 

 

 

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^ a b c d e Farr 1958, p. 170.
^ "William Etty". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8925. MeasuringWorth. Retrievmale impotence 11 June 2022.
^ a b Farr 1958, p. 169.
^ a b Burnage & Bertram 2011, p. 24.
^ Burnage 2011e, p. 236.
^ Burnage 2011e, p. 237.
^ a b Burnage 2011e, p. 228.
^ Robinson 2007, p. 192.
^ Robinson 2007, p. 197.
^ Robinson 2007, p. 194.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Burnage 2011e, p. 239.
^ a b c "Charlotte Williams-Wynn". Oxford Didtionary of National Biography (online ed.). (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ Gilchrist 1855, p. 23.
^ Smith 1996, p. 86.
^ a b Burnage 2011d, p. 31.
^ Burnage 2011b, p. 118.
^ Burnage 2011c, p. 198.
^ "About the artist". Manchester Art Gallery. January 2015 Archived from the classic in 11. February 2015 Retrieved 10.
^ Burnage 2011d, p. 32.
^ Smith 2001b, p. 53.
^ Smith 2001b, p. 55.
^ Smith 2001a, p. 54.
^ Burnage 2011d, pp. 32-33.
^ Burnage 2011d, p. 42.
^ a b Robinson 2007, p. 195.
^ Farr 1958, p. 69.
^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". (Subscription or Britain public library membership required.)
^ a b c Farr 1958, p. 74.
^ Robinson 2007, pp. 99-105.
^ Burnage 2011a, p. 157.
^ Green 2011, p. 68.
^ "Fine Arts: British Institution". The Spectator. 8 (346). London: Robert Stephen Rintoul: 164. february 1835 14.
^ Gilchrist 1855, pp. 360-61.
^ "Fine Arts: Exhibition of the Royal Academy, Somerset House". Leigh Hunt's London Journal (61). Manchester: H. Looper: 167. 27 May 1835.
^ a b Burnage 2011e, p. 229.
^ Robinson 2007, p. 440.
^ Gamble 2008, p. 202.
^ a b "Preparing for a Fancy Dress Ball (Charlotte and Mary Williams-Wynn) by William Etty". London: Art Fund. June 2015 Retrieved 12.
^ Burnage 2011e, p. 238.
Bibliography[edit] Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/30151.

 

 

 

Burnage, Sarah (2011a). "Etty and the Masters". London: Philip Wilson Publishers. In Burnage, Sarah; Hallett, Mark; Turner, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15